The Constitution of Medina First Application of Qur’anic Principles in Governance
Introduction: From Tribal Anarchy to Civilizational Model The Constitution of Medina (622 CE) stands as one of history’s most revolutionary yet understudied political documents. Born from the ashes of 120 years of tribal warfare between the Aws and Khazraj in Yathrib (later Medina), it represented not just a peace treaty …